Recycling Produced Water

CHALLENGES

1. Cuts disposal costs

2. Aggregating for reuse as a completion fluid

3. Size and frequency of produced water pits . Graphical representation well completion rate vs water production seeing a normal decline per well

4. Disposal wells. Recycling can bridge the gap but it can relieve some pressure to disposal challenged areas.

5. Pay $5 - $75 bbl to reuse dissolved solids and generate tons of sludge to producing nice clear brine

6. Optimize gather stations to deal w/solids and oil while improving bacteria, iron and sulfide control with an oxidizer. This can lower costs ranging from $0.10 to $0.15/bbl to less than $0.05/bbl based on water quality improvements.

7. Pit treatments for produced water pits have been replaced by aeration systems for further cost reductions. Aeration systems must be sized properly to match oxygen demand of produced water.

8. On the fly treatment is using water on the spot on site. When a recycled fluid is delivered to a produced water pit an aeration program can be used in maintaining water quality. Cataminded tanks necessitate a final polish to recycled produced water. On the fly treatment is typically done with oxidizers sometimes w/ preservative (non-oxidizing biocide).

9. Oxidizer works but a long term disinfectant is necessary.

10. Produced water is going midstream in a big way. Gathering systems and disposal wells are being acquired and consolidated to build large distribution networks for produced water disposal combined w/recycling capacity and brackish water distribution.

10. Fear over impact of produced water disposal in injection wells. Impacting seismicity and inducing earthquakes.

11. Turning produced water into discharge quality or drinking water. Desalination technologies.